See metadata downloading in
Editing e-book metadata. See also the Metadata download plugins ==
Index of plugins.
The column you want is "Tags/tags", it works like music tagging - a Tag exists because it's used (i.e. assigned to a book), from then on it can be applied to other books. If a Tag is removed from all books to which it has been applied it is removed - i.e. use it or lose it.
There is no
specific support to create or download a pre-defined list (e.g. from a library), into a taxonomy definition similar to the Controlled Vocabulary for IPTC Keywords…
more's the pity.
BR